UTF stands for Unicode Transformation Format. The most popular version is UTF-8 which represents 8 bits or 8 one’s or zero’s. (11111111 -> 00000000). The secret though is that it uses up to 4 bytes. We know that 1 byte = 8 bits so 4 bytes gives us 32 bits. 8 bits can represent 255… Read More »

Here is a great write up explain what the cryptic symbols mean. https://medium.com/@codenameyau/step-by-step-breakdown-of-dev-null-a0f516f53158 Combine this with command -v to bypass “normal function lookup” from https://askubuntu.com/questions/512770/what-is-use-of-command-command we can use this to check if certain applications exist.